![]() ![]() This information can help brands have more data-driven marketing about what is actually happening, trending, and which influencers are the best for discussing your product. The idea behind this program is to collect data on what influencers and creators are talking about, the quantity, the timing, and much more. However, Tagger Media’s in-house program, Signals, is the first-ever creator listing that reports on every topic discussed on social media, making it an ideal way to hire influencers. ![]() What influencers and trends your competitors are using.Hiring influencers by categories and niches.There are so many ways to go about hiring influencers for your brands: Tagger Media’s method is easy to use and data-intensive. Tagger Media specializes in using data to create the influencer marketing workflow you want to work with. Why is Influencer Marketing Data So Important? Tagger Media handles everything on the influencer end, including influencer contracts, reaching out to them, sending proposals, payments, and campaign performance. They do everything from finding influencers to drive your strategy, compiling analytics and research, and creating your marketing strategy. Today, Tagger Media is an all-in-one influencer marketing platform. Tagger Media also worked with Gary Vaynerchuk and Vayner Media early on because Gary immediately recognized Tagger Media’s value and the data they compiled that allowed you to understand your audience better. This led Tagger Media to find Billie Elish and Dua Lipa before they were well-known artists. The idea was to find amazing musicians before big networks. Tagger Media originally started as a way to disrupt the music industry by finding musicians through influencers talking about musicians. ![]() He also has a marketing degree and background, which has helped him build Tagger Media into the top-notch brand it is today. His experience working in many industries has given him a unique perspective, which often allows him to fill in the gaps. Previously, he had started multiple companies in many sectors, including travel, medical devices, and much more. Peter Kennedy started Tagger Media about seven years ago. This unique approach brings his clients massive success and is unique among influencer marketing platforms. Today, Peter Kennedy shares his experience building and using his company, Tagger Media, to create influencer marketing campaigns with data-driven research and insights on a topic versus looking for influencers for a campaign first. What is the difference between starting your research at insights versus starting at discovery? ![]()
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![]() ![]() Listen - I don’t like playing basketball myself, but I love Love & Basketball. Love & BasketballĬast: Sanaa Lathan, Omar Epps, Alfre Woodard Petrana RadulovicĪnastasia is streaming on Hulu. Just don’t think too hard about the implications of the Russian Revolution being caused by an angry necromancer and his bat friend. The songs are infectious, and while the animation sometimes isn’t as polished as the Disney Renaissance movies of the time, the extravagant musical sequence in Paris more than makes up for it. Instead, come for the electric chemistry between maybe-lost princess Anya (Meg Ryan) and conman Dimitri (John Cusack), who blow away all other animated romantic couples of the time. We won’t dig into the ethics of all of this. In this version, the Russian Revolution is caused by Rasputin, a vengeful necromancer who hates the Romanoffs for some reason. ![]() And the most iconic of them all is probably Anastasia, an incredibly loose retelling of the lost Russian princess. Magic Mike XXLĬast: Meg Ryan, John Cusack, Christopher Lloydįox Animation had a short lifespan, but boy did it crank out some bangers. Oli WelshĮasy A is streaming on Netflix. Stone is a knockout in her first lead role, the script is a firecracker, and there’s a hilarious Greek chorus of dissolute grownups who comment wryly on the action without really having a moral leg to stand on, including Lisa Kudrow, Thomas Haden Church, and the deliciously wry Patricia Clarkson and Stanley Tucci as Olive’s liberal parents. The film walks the line of its illusory quandaries with a light, easy stride, and as a high school sex comedy in which no sex actually happens, it gets to be simultaneously scandalous and wholesome. When others on the fringes of high school society find out and request the same service, she becomes a kind of imaginary prostitute, trading her new, falsely slutty reputation in for favors. Riffing on The Scarlet Letter - the literary classic of which it’s a kind of inverted remake - it’s a sophisticated comedy of manners about bored, precocious teen Olive (Emma Stone), who agrees to pretend-bang her gay best friend to ward off the bullies. It's set in the land of Ooo and follows the alternate-universe versions of Finn and Jake on a multiverse-hopping journey toward self-discovery.Īt time of writing, these TV shows all score at least 70 on Metacritic.Cast: Emma Stone, Amanda Bynes, Penn BadgleyĮasy A belongs in the pantheon of the great high school movies, alongside Mean Girls and The Breakfast Club it really is that good. Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake, season 1 premiere (2023- ): Animation.It's a culinary competition created by Bobby Flay where highly skilled chefs take on three culinary Titans. ![]() Bobby's Triple Threat, season 2 premiere (2022- ): Reality.A home inspector and designer helps clients uncover and repair hidden issues in their homes before they take on their dream renovation. What's Wrong With That House, season 1 premiere (2023- ): Reality.The show follows two estranged high school friends from Miami who reunite to form a rap group. Rap Sh!t, season 2 premiere (2022- ): Comedy.Season 2 continues to explore the professional and personal lives of the 1980s Los Angeles Lakers. Winning Time: The Rise of the Lakers Dynasty, season 2 premiere (2022- ): Sports drama. ![]() ![]() ![]() Provide the original column options too, otherwise Rails can't Remove_column is reversible if you supply the column type as the thirdĪrgument. ![]() ![]() Reversible operations like the ones listed above.
![]() Hey, It's That Voice!: Misty from Pokemon in Ape Escape 2. ![]() Otherwise, she acts like she did in the games. In the anime, she actually goes out and assists Spike in capturing monkeys, moreso then any other character. The daughter of the Professor, Natalie is a Tomboy who follows in her father's footsteps. ![]() The second time gets worse when the game's real BigBad transforms him into Dark Jake. Brainwashed and Crazy: Specter captured him and brainwashes him to serve him and fight Spike on TWO different occasions.Demoted to Extra: Only appears in concept art and a comic strip in Ape Escape 2 (with his original name, Hiroki, to boot.).All Love Is Unrequited: He has a crush on Natalie in the anime.The rival and friend of Spike who has a bad habit of being brainwashed by Specter. The hero of the original Ape Escape and a few of the spinoffs. 4.1 The Pipotrons/Apetrons/Pipotron Brothers.3.4 Monkey White/White Monkey/Ukki White.3.2 Monkey Yellow/Yellow Monkey/Ukki Yellow.1.9 Playstation Move Hero (No Name Given, seriously).PAGES WILL BE DELETED OTHERWISE IF THEY ARE MISSING BASIC MARKUP. DON'T MAKE PAGES MANUALLY UNLESS A TEMPLATE IS BROKEN, AND REPORT IT THAT IS THE CASE. THIS SHOULD BE WORKING NOW, REPORT ANY ISSUES TO Janna2000, SelfCloak or RRabbit42. The Trope workshop specific templates can then be removed and it will be regarded as a regular trope page after being moved to the Main namespace. All new trope pages will be made with the "Trope Workshop" found on the "Troper Tools" menu and worked on until they have at least three examples.Pages that don't do this will be subject to deletion, with or without explanation. All new pages should use the preloadable templates feature on the edit page to add the appropriate basic page markup. All images MUST now have proper attribution, those who neglect to assign at least the "fair use" licensing to an image may have it deleted. ![]() Failure to do so may result in deletion of contributions and blocks of users who refuse to learn to do so. Before making a single edit, Tropedia EXPECTS our site policy and manual of style to be followed.This is the first Monkepedia to have entries for Specter and The Freaky Monkey Five. If the monkey is a Yumi fan capable of being starstruck, they will also have a Yumi sticker on their profile. The information contained on each monkey is as follows: the name and pants type of the monkey, the alertness stat of the monkey, their birthday, their speed stat, their attack stat and means of attacking, their temper stat, as well as a phrase which is either being said by the monkey or is being said to describe them. In Ape Escape 3, the Monkepedia returns, this time sorted by the TV programs airing on each level. Specter and The Freaky Monkey Five are absent from this version. In Ape Escape 2, the collection of monkey information begins to be referred to as the Monkepedia and for each individual monkey contains information on the level they appear in, their name, a personality trait, the monkey's means of attack, stats for alertness aggression speed stomach fullness, as well as their pants type and finally a phrase which the monkey is saying or thinking. The final level, which had the era name "Specter Land" and level name " Monkey Madness" in the NTSC-U/C version of Ape Escape, had those names swapped for On the Loose, so "Monkey Madness" is now the era, and "Specter Land" the level.Wabi Sabi Wall was renamed to "Tiki Tiki Wall".Sushi Temple was renamed to "Wabi Sabi Temple" to better reflect the Japanese name of the original level.Most of the levels use the NTSC-U/C names and eras, except for the "Futurama" era, which was given the PAL name "Present Day".Some monkeys have different stats, such as "Carl Eek-is" from Dark Ruins having 1 Attack point instead of 2.This game also lists the monkeys in a slightly different order, such as the "Triceratops wrangler" monkey being listed in the middle of Molten Lava instead of at the end.Unlike other games in the series, the NTSC-U/C and PAL versions of this game are largely in agreement over the names and descriptions, with much fewer differences between them. ![]() ![]() Shower seats are accessories that stay hidden as they quietly slide back to the shower wall when not required. Very beneficial for seniors with leg pains or have trouble standing for an extended period.It helps by acting as a footrest while leg shaving and other activities.Sometimes shower seats can be used to keep toiletries items so that it can be reached easily when required.Very helpful for small children to have a bath comfortably.There are various benefits that shower seat can provide, which are mentioned below: They are also known as shower benches as they provide rest, especially to small children, while taking a shower. Shower seats can be made from wood, plastic, or fiberglass materials. Shower seats are very common in shower areas due to their various benefits. Whirlpool and air bath are some of the finest bathtub accessories which can be added once the bathtub is installed.Build a textured surface around the tub to give it a neat and expensive look.Porcelain bathtubs are heavy, whereas plastic acrylic tubs are lighter. Some bathtubs are heavy and some are lighter and might just be the right one for your bathroom. There are various bathtubs that you can choose from.Make sure that the size of the bathtub that you want fits the hallways and the doorways of your house. If you are adding a new tub, there are various sizes that you can choose from. It might be a left-hand outlet or a right-hand outlet. Considered the location of the drain on the installation.All these points are mentioned below to get you started. There are certain points to consider before you install a new bathtub. Luxury bathtubs with vintage gold faucets go very well with bathrooms having large space. Simple yellow freestanding tubs are standard in bathrooms with limited space. There are various types of bathtubs that you can choose from depending upon the space. Make your bathroom glamorous by adding a new bathtub with all the latest bathtub accessories. Steam showers are placed generally beside the luxury bathtubs complimenting one another. Capable of producing excellent humidifying steam along with a water vapor steam shower is an ideal item for any bathroom. Give your bathroom in Orange County that ultimate touch of a spa with the steam shower. Transform your tub to provide the ultimate relaxation. Walk-in tubs provide hot water and are very good for relaxation. Walk-in tubs are small and can fit any bathroom having ample space. The walk-in tub is one of the finest bathroom accessories that are a must in every home. One of the most innovative ideas to renovate your bathroom in Orange County would be adding a walk-in tub or a steam shower. Glam Up Your Master Bath With A Walk-In Tub Or A Steam Shower ![]() All these accessories give bathtubs a very refine and expensive look. Add new bathtub accessories like pipes, taps, overflow drain cover, bath pillow, bathtub mat, and many more.If the bathtub is turning yellowish, give it a refinish with the help of professionals. Make sure all dents and cracks are repaired completely. Start with refinishing the shower for your home in Orange County.While remodeling an existing bath, certain points should be kept in mind. Bathtubs play a very vital role in a house, and it deserves that extra attention from time to time. Remodeling using some of the most beautiful bathtub accessories available proves very beneficial to owners at the time of selling the property. Remodeling an existing bathtub in Orange Countyīathtub installation in Orange County is something every homeowner should think about as it is not that expensive at all. Luxury bathtubs are in huge demand made from some of the finest bathtub accessories. Transform your tub completely by making it the perfect comfortable bathtub. Bathtub remodeling is quite popular with many house owners all over the country. Remodeling a bathtub increases the overall value of the house. Improve Your House Value in Orange County with Bathtub Installationīathtubs are one of the most prominent luxury toilet items in any home in Orange County. ![]() ![]() ![]() It should be noted that Spanish money was often used in Nova Scotia's early days owing to the trade which existed with the Caribbean.ĭrill holes in stones were an early component of surveying and often used to indicate a point of turn. Two of the oldest are believed to be an 11 Maravedis dated 1598, found by a student on the beach at Smith's cove in 1965 and a similar 8 Maravedis circa 1600, found in the swamp in 2016. A large 2' diameter by 65' log with roman numerals was found beneath the shores at Smith's Cove and suggested to be a part of the original works.Ī number of coins have been found on oak Island and many more recently through the use of metal detectors. They do not report evidence of an earlier cofferdam but later searches surmise that one must have been created by the original builders. ![]() Was it dunnage for protecting a ship's cargo, used for caulking the hulls of ships, or needed for rope making? Or brought to the island for the express purpose of creating the massive filter for the flood tunnel drains? Carbon dating suggested an age for some of the fibre tested to be 700 plus years old with a 95% accuracy.Įarly searchers built a cofferdam in 1850 in an effort to uncover and stop the flood tunnel system. Literally tons of coconut fibre was claimed to be uncovered at Smith's cove during the discovery of the box drains as well as being brought up from the Money Pit at various levels. Pieces of broken china and porcelain were found on the island, and while this is not uncommon to find on any inhabited shores, the china on Oak Island was sometimes found at depths which suggest it didn't get there by natural means. Thin brass was retrieved from borehole 21 in 1967 at a depth of 176'. Made of bone or Ivory was found at Smith’s Cove in 1885. Such as the nagging question left to us about what foreman, James Pitblado, may have slipped into his pocket from the auger bit in 1804?ĭo any of these artefacts lend further credence to a particular theory? We shall leave that to each reader to decide. ![]() There have been many artefacts found on Oak Island and some likely found and never disclosed. What hidden evidence may have been destroyed at that time can never be known. The possible exception being the massive excavation in the 1960's which changed much of the typography around the money pit and on Smith's and the South Shore coves. In most cases the searchers proceeded with a methodical purpose, careful to record and consider what evidence they found. Over the course of 220 plus years Oak Island has been scoured by searchers both above and below. We would however like to draw your attention to the new Research section called " Artefacts Found" courtesy of the late David Tobias and the Chester Municipal Heritage Society. Recent searcher activity associated with the TV Show "Curse of Oak Island" has added greatly to this list which is not accounted for here. To date, six men have died in their efforts to find the treasure.The information below touches upon some of the more memorable artefacts found on the island thus far. "The curse" is said to have originated more than a century ago and states that seven men will die in the search for the treasure before it is found. The original shaft, in a location unknown today, was dug by early explorers and known as "the money pit". ![]() The site consists of digs by numerous individuals and groups of people. Although these items can be considered treasure in their own right, no significant main treasure site has ever been found. Various items have surfaced over the years that were found on the island, some of which have since been carbon-dated and found to be hundreds of years old. Theories about artifacts present on the island range from pirate treasure to Shakespearean manuscripts to the Holy Grail or the Ark of the Covenant, with the Grail and the Ark having been buried there by the Knights Templar. Since the 18th century, attempts have been made to find treasure and artifacts. The Oak Island mystery is a series of stories of buried treasure and unexplained objects found on or near Oak Island in Nova Scotia. Shout out to Marty and Rick for milking this thing for all it's worth. ![]() ![]() ![]() Unusual cells of the pancreas that produce insulin can result in excessive insulin release, causing hypoglycemia. Other tumors also can result in too much production of insulin-like substances. A rare tumor of the pancreas (insulinoma) can cause you to produce too much insulin, resulting in hypoglycemia. An eating disorder called anorexia nervosa is one example of a condition that can cause hypoglycemia and result in long-term starvation. Hypoglycemia can occur with malnutrition and starvation when you don't get enough food, and the glycogen stores your body needs to create glucose are used up. This can affect glucose levels due to a buildup of medications that lower blood sugar levels. Kidney disorders also can keep your body from properly excreting medications. Severe liver illnesses such as severe hepatitis or cirrhosis, severe infection, kidney disease, and advanced heart disease can cause hypoglycemia. Drinking heavily without eating can keep the liver from releasing glucose from its glycogen stores into the bloodstream. One example is quinine (Qualaquin), used to treat malaria. Other medications can cause hypoglycemia, especially in children or in people with kidney failure. Taking someone else's oral diabetes medication accidentally is a possible cause of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is much less common. Hypoglycemia can also occur if you eat less than usual after taking your regular dose of diabetes medication, or if you exercise more than you typically do. To correct this problem, you might take insulin or other medications to lower blood sugar levels.īut too much insulin or other diabetes medications may cause your blood sugar level to drop too much, causing hypoglycemia. As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream and can reach dangerously high levels. If you have diabetes, you might not make insulin (type 1 diabetes) or you might be less responsive to it (type 2 diabetes). With prolonged fasting, the body can break down fat stores and use products of fat breakdown as an alternative fuel. This process occurs mainly in your liver, but also in your kidneys. Your body also has the ability to make glucose. This keeps your blood sugar within a standard range until you eat again. ![]() Another hormone from your pancreas called glucagon signals your liver to break down the stored glycogen and release glucose into your bloodstream. When you haven't eaten for several hours and your blood sugar level drops, you will stop producing insulin. Extra glucose is stored in your liver and muscles in the form of glycogen. Insulin allows the glucose to enter the cells and provide the fuel your cells need. Glucose, the main energy source for your body, enters the cells with the help of insulin - a hormone produced by your pancreas. When you eat, your body breaks down foods into glucose. The most common reason for low blood sugar is a side effect of medications used to treat diabetes. There are several reasons why this can happen. Hypoglycemia occurs when your blood sugar (glucose) level falls too low for bodily functions to continue. Seek emergency help for someone with diabetes or a history of hypoglycemia who has symptoms of severe hypoglycemia or loses consciousness. You have diabetes and hypoglycemia isn't responding to treatment, such as drinking juice or regular (not diet) soft drinks, eating candy, or taking glucose tablets.You have what might be hypoglycemia symptoms and you don't have diabetes.Unresponsiveness (loss of consciousness).Confusion, unusual behavior or both, such as the inability to complete routine tasks.Tingling or numbness of the lips, tongue or cheekĪs hypoglycemia worsens, signs and symptoms can include:.If blood sugar levels become too low, hypoglycemia signs and symptoms can include: ![]() ![]() ![]() Most nuclear reactors use uranium fuel that has been "enriched" in uranium 235, an isotope of uranium that fissions readily. electricity comes from nuclear power plants, making it the third-largest source of electricity in the country after coal (45 percent) and natural gas (23 percent). produces more nuclear power overall, but nuclear constitutes a smaller share of its energy portfolio. Worldwide, nuclear energy accounts for about 15 percent of electricity generation Japan gets nearly 30 percent of its electricity from its nuclear plants. The Fukushima Daiichi station, which has been hit hard by the March 11 earthquake, houses six of those reactors, all of which came online in the 1970s. and France, according to data from the International Atomic Energy Agency. ![]() With 54 nuclear reactors generating 280 billion kilowatt-hours annually, Japan is the world's third-largest producer of nuclear power, after the U.S. How much electricity does nuclear power provide in Japan and elsewhere? The chain reaction becomes self-sustaining, producing a steady supply of heat to boil water, drive steam turbines and thereby generate electricity. If another atom absorbs one of those neutrons, the atom becomes unstable and undergoes fission itself, releasing more heat and more neutrons. They rely on harnessing nuclear fission-the splitting of an atom into two smaller atoms, which also yields heat and sends neutrons flying. "That's why the best thing is to prevent any release in the first place.Most nuclear reactors, including those at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi generating station, are essentially high-tech kettles that efficiently boil water to produce electricity. "So you can't do much about that except to either evacuate to avoid exposure or to shelter for a long time in a structure that's shielded against radiation. "In nuclear reactors, you have a sea of a soup of hundreds of different types of radioactive isotopes, all of which interact in different ways of the body," he said. While Dr Lyman believes it is a sensible precaution, he warned it would not be enough to protect people in the case of a leak. Iodine helps prevent radiation from amassing in the thyroid, leading to thyroid cancer a phenomena witnessed after the Chernobyl meltdown in hundreds of Ukrainian children. In recent weeks it has run emergency drills in nearby towns and distributed iodine tablets to residents. The Ukrainian government has begun preparations for the possibility of a radiation leak. "All these factors increase the risk that there could be damage to the plant that would potentially lead to a meltdown of one or more of the reactors and the spent nuclear fuel that's stored there." Ukraine prepares for radiation leaks "I think it's fairly resistant to a major leak, so it's unlikely to be a Chernobyl level incident and certainly not a Fukushima level incident," Dr Irwin said. ![]() He said key design differences make the Zaporizhzhia plant less prone to a radiation leak, even in the case of a meltdown. It predicted that the reactor would heat up so quickly that it would take less than five hours for it to break through the reactor vessel.Įven if that occurs, experts say a strong protective casing around the reactors means a Chernobyl-style disaster isn't likely.ĪNU's Associate Professor and lecturer in Nuclear physics, Tony Irwin, spent time working with Russian scientists in the wake of the Chernobyl meltdown. ![]() One simulation of the reactors losing power showed they would have just over an hour before the cooling systems stopped working. "If you lose both the offsite power and the backup diesel generators, there are other emergency measures that could be employed, but you only have a few hours to be able to set those up before the core might start to melt," he said. ![]() ![]() Please fill out this form for a group reservation: Please give us at least two business days to respond via email. If you are visiting us with a large group of 10 or more guests, please call us in advance at (206) 624-0414 or email Wednesday through Sunday 11 am to 8 pm. We are wheelchair accessible and kid-friendly. We will do our best to seat your party at tables next to each other, as we have limited space. If you have a larger party, we may have to divide your party into two separate tables. We can only accommodate 6 guests per table. Our restaurant opens at 3pm. We are a first-come, first-serve restaurant with assigned seating. Table assignments are given in the lobby at check-in, not in our restaurant. Thursday, Friday, and Saturday 11 am to 10 pm. May through September: Wednesday and Sunday from 11 am to 9 pm. ![]() October through April: Wednesday, Thursday, and Sunday 11 am to 8 pm. Please note that we are periodically closed due to private events. ![]() *We do not take reservations and we are unable to offer refunds. Access to the Observatory Bar & Restraunt.All-day general Admission Into Smith Tower & the self-guided Tour Exhibit*.Please call the MAIN CONTACT on each property listing for specific accessibility features available at the property and in the apartments.Grab a ticket for our self-guided tour that will take you through some of Smith Tower's storied history of Smith Tower and an exciting cast of characters! Then, take a ride on the historic Otis elevators to the 35th floor where you'll be stunned by 360-degree views of Seattle and Puget Sound from the only open-air observation deck in Seattle. Visible doorbells, smoke detectors, braille signage and documents In accordance with the Fair Housing Act and ADA, all properties that are not specifically exempt will have common areas, pathways and offices that are accessible, or must make arrangements at the property to accommodate persons with mobility impairments.Īccessible apartment features vary from property to property, but may include one or more of the following features: Some properties have apartments that are fully accessible and some have apartments that have been adapted to include accessible features. These properties offer apartments that are accessible to persons in wheelchairs or have features desirable and useful to persons in wheelchairs or with mobility impairments. Property offers Wheelchair Accessible Apartments Some Market Rent apartments also available with no income limit. Income Limit Details: Below HUD Very Low Income limits with preference for extremely very low to meet income targeting requirements. Income Limit Category: Extremely Low, Very Low, Other Please call the MAIN CONTACT on each property listing for specific program or property eligibility. HUD PRAC program for the elderly or disabled HUD Project-Based programs include, but are not limited to: Applicants for these properties need to qualify between the HUD Extremely Very low (30%) and the HUD Low (80%) annual gross income limits, depending upon program requirements and give preference to lower income limit households. ![]() You will need to income qualify and recertify your income at least once per year, or more often if necessary. Your rent at a Project-based subsidized property will be approximately 30 % of your adjusted monthly income as long as you qualify. Unlike the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher tenant-based subsidy program, Project-based subsidy is not portable or transferrable. The property owner or housing authority applies those subsidies to the rents he/she charges income eligible households. These properties are private, non-profit or Housing Authority Public rental housing where the federal and/or state government provides subsidies directly to the property through a HUD contract. Properties that offer HUD Project-Based Subsidized apartments ![]() ![]() As can be seen there are numerous defects and strains present within the substrate, as indicated by the extreme variations in the diffracted intensity of the x-ray beam. A typical topograph of one of the smaller diameter silicon carbide substrates is shown in Figure 5 (b). The samples were then analyzed in the ACT system. Third substrate was 4 cm in diameter and had a crystallographic orientation of approximately 16 ° off the. Transmission Laue diffraction analysis is limited to thin specimens (in general, mt. The x-ray source is collimated (usually with a pin-hole collimator) and then incident upon the sample when the transmission configuration is used, or through a hole in a film followed by the sample when the back-reflection configuration is used. In the Laue method, a continuous (white radiation) x-ray source is utilized. In some instances, the nature and degree of crystalline perfection is of little significance to the performance of the material, however, in many industrial applications the crystalline perfection is critical.Ĭonventional methods for examination of single crystal specimens rely on the Laue technique of x-ray diffraction whereby patterns of individual spots (reflections) are obtained from individual planes. That is, is the material single crystalline or polycrystalline, deformed or "strain free", populated with imperfections or low in defects. While radiography provides valuable information as to density variations within a given material, it does not provide information as to the crystalline nature of the material. In the nondestructive testing field when the word x-ray is mentioned, the concept of radiography immediately comes to mind. Key Words: Single crystal Topography X-ray diffraction Turbine blade Quartz Silicon carbide INTRODUCTION One technique which has proven to be useful in a variety of single crystal inspection applications is x-ray diffraction topography.This paper describes the details of an x-ray diffraction topographic system which was used and shows topographic images illustrating the utility of the system as applied to nickel based alloy, turbine blades, quartz resonators, and silicon carbides substrates. Because the quality assurance requirements for one industry are not necessarily those of another, a characterization technique which can be tailored to the needs of a particular industry is desirable. From the microelectronics industry which uses silicon and gallium arsenide single crystal substrates in integrated circuit production, to the aerospace and power generation industries which are producing single crystal, nickel based alloy, turbine blades, there is a need to fully characterize these materials. Single crystal materials are finding more use in industrial applications everyday. Methods and Instrumentation Practical Application of X-Ray Diffraction Imaging.Practical Application of X-Ray Diffraction Imaging ![]() |
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